Phylogenetic Analysis of Cyanophrys Clench, a Synopsis of Its Species, and the Potentially

•A species level phylogenetic analysis of Cyanophrys Clench was performed using 14 characters of the frons, wing venation, wing shape, androconia, and genitalia. There were 15 most parsimonious cladograms, and a successive weighting iteration resulted in three of these 15. Cyanophrys is characterized in this paper by two hypothesized synapomorphies (an expanded hindwing anal lobe that is tan-brown and a pair of dorsal brush organs), and adults can be readily identified in the field. Cyanophrys has been divided into Plesiocyanophrys K. Johnson, Eisele and MacPherson, Apophrys K. Johnson and Le Crom, Antephrys K. Johnson, Eisele and MacPherson, Mesocyanophrys K. Johnson, and Cyanophrys (as delimited in Johnson and Le Crom 1997a), but only the monotypic Antephrys is monophyletic on the most parsimonious cladograms. A synopsis of Cyanophrys species includes notes on their distribution, habitat, identification, nomenclature, larval food plants, and male behavior. Cyanophrys bertha, which occurs in moist evergreen and seasonally deciduous forests in the mountains of southern Brazil from 800 to 1,400 m elevation, has been proposed for threatened status. It is "cladistically distinct" (sensu Vane-Wright et al. 1991) in that its sister is a lineage of five montane species or seven primarily lowland species.